Interview with Yang Chen-Ning (The First Chinese Nobel Laureate)

Brief: The first Chinese Nobel Prize winner in Physics (1957), Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Honorary Director of the Institute for Advanced Study at Tsinghua University. He and Tsung-Dao Lee proposed the theory of parity non-conservation, which fundamentally established the foundation of modern particle physics. In his later years, he settled in China and had a profound, historic influence on promoting higher education, top-tier basic scientific research, and international academic exchange in China.

Interview: Fa Ning

July 4, 2026

Yang Chen-Ning:

Namo Amituofo, I have been in the Western Land of Dharma Nature for over a month. I think this is the most important turning point in my life, or perhaps a starting point. I view it as a starting point because I have been purifying here for over a month, wanting to empty everything I previously learned. If I can return to zero and start anew, I think that would be better.

I lived to be 103 years old, with a great interest and passion for physics and mathematics, which led me step by step from my youth to my later years; I never left the world of physics throughout my life. I believed that science could explain all phenomena. In my youth, I was filled with an arrogant air, walking step by step into the halls of the physics world. At that time, I, along with another Chinese scientist and physicist, Tsung-Dao Lee, simultaneously received the Nobel Prize in Physics. In our thirties, we were young and promising scientists; our reputation resonated internationally, and we let the world see the contributions of the Chinese people to the scientific community. That was something I once took pride in.

Today, I truly believe in the Buddha, and I truly believe that the Buddhist education brought by Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su is the only education that can truly change the world. Previously, I did not believe in the Buddha, but I always believed that there was a force in the dark, guiding every bit of people's lives, guiding all the phenomena that physics could explain, although I did not know what it was. My sensitivity told me that although physics is seen by many scientists as the ultimate explanation and theory, and the key to helping people explain the truth of the world and the universe, what I was most interested in was using mathematical formulas to explain physical phenomena. My foundation in both mathematics and physics was very good, and the combination of these two disciplines is indispensable.

However, after learning about Buddhist education in the Western Land of Dharma Nature, it completely overturned my previous thinking and, at the same time, purified the arrogance deep in my heart. Although most of us scientists hold a sense of rejection towards religion or Buddhism, we still believe that what we know is far too little, and we believe that one day, someone among us scientists will be able to lead everyone to explain all the truths of the universe based on the most perfect theory.

I also once hoped that I could thoroughly understand all the theories and phenomena of the human world, especially in the fields I was interested in. I had explored almost everything I was interested in and knew a thing or two about them. So, in the world of physics, from my perspective, when I tried to string together every bit of what I understood into a circle, I still could not see a circle. Of course, the world of physics is so vast that I only understood the parts I was interested in and specialized in. But regarding its overall framework, I naturally still had a deep foundation.

I worked hard for seventy or eighty years, or even longer. In my old age, I once calmed my mind, wanting to draw everything I had learned into a true circle—that is, wanting to find a perfect phenomenon, hoping to gain some different inspiration and understanding from it. I think there was always such a dream in my mind! I wanted to truly form all these theories and explanations into a phenomenon that seemed complex but could be connected to each other.

But I felt that all of this was still very scattered, just as everything I could understand was only so much. Even if I were given a few more lifetimes, perhaps it would still be the same; even if I were given ten or twenty more lifetimes, I would still not be able to penetrate many, many things within it. This is the limitation of humanity. It was only in my old age that I realised this point, which is quite different from the mindset I had in my youth, when I was in my prime, thinking that I was superior and could understand many things!

People, after all, only after a period of experience and settling down, can gradually discover that the vastness of this universe cannot be explained by a few theories, nor can it be explained or formed into a perfect theory by a group of top scientists gathering together and racking their brains. This circle, which was the perfect physical phenomenon in my heart, was never drawn from beginning to end, just like stars scattered in the sky. Although each star is so dazzling and radiant, when gathered together, I still cannot see an overall phenomenon, nor can I see a complete landscape.

I believe that physics should not just be about explaining rule after rule with the numbers on my drafts. I believe it must be able to outline a very moving landscape, and after truly penetrating the truth within it, one can solve all the difficulties in the human world based on this complete set of theories. This is the true application of what one has learned! What I call the human world might be the human world that I can see with my physical eyes, or it might be the various phenomena in the world that I cannot see; I believe there is always such a set of things that can explain all of this.

We who work in physics and science still have a utopia in our hearts, which is the hope that the disciplines we study can truly be of help to everything in the human world. Although we cannot know how vast the scope of the human world is, we can at least do as much as we can; the higher we can see, the more people we can help. This is what I previously thought physics was—it should not just be the numbers in my drafts; it must be able to enter everyone's heart and truly bring benefits to the general public.

And even just this, I still could not achieve it.

The theory I discovered is valid, and the phenomena of atomic particles I discovered and the observed results are also valid; it can indeed pave a great road for future physics and help later theories avoid many wrong paths. But in the end, how much help did all this really provide in the lives of ordinary people? I do not know, and I cannot see it.

By the time I lived to be 103 years old, before I died, I still could not find it. I did not feel particularly lost or confused, because I believed that time would eventually prove everything. Perhaps the things that my generation could not explain, the next generation or even the generation after that, would one day be able to explain clearly.

What a pity, what a great pity! I have only left the human world for a little over a year. At that time, I did not know this great person from the human world, named Practitioner Su, who is currently giving lectures at the Hsiang Kuang Pure Land Buddhist Centre in Australia, and is also conducting unprecedented, extensive Chao Du in this place, in the entire universe, and in the entire Dharma Realm, in a spiritual way.

When I was in the human world, I did not have the karmic affinity to know Practitioner Su personally, so I did not have the opportunity to know this true master of the universe. The reason I call Practitioner Su a master of the universe is that after I came to the Western Land of Dharma Nature, I was able to see so many phenomena. In the phenomena that I could not see before but can see now, I discovered that Practitioner Su not only saved me, but is also able to save the immeasurable and boundless beings that I know and do not know, that I am aware of and unaware of, while reaching a very high level of spirituality. The scope contained in the word beings is truly too vast!

I only now realise that the theory that physics is looking for, which can explain the difficult problems in the human world, has actually already been realised and found by a person in the human world named Practitioner Su. Practitioner Su realised his true nature and attained Buddhahood in the human world in a human body, became enlightened, and saw all the phenomena of the universe. Looking around, there is really only one such person in the whole world at present, because he honestly followed the footsteps of Namo Amituofo, learning step by step, that he has achieved today's results.

I also attached great importance to following a teacher to learn in the past; I believe in respecting the teacher and the Dharma, and I believe this traditional virtue is very important. Because a teacher is the one who helps us solve our confusion and leads us towards the Truth. Although there are different teachers in different fields, and the people and scope they help are different, today the greatest in my heart are still Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su; they saved me, and they also saved immeasurable and boundless beings.

Speaking of beings just now, I haven't explained it clearly yet! The scope covered by beings is actually so vast. I only knew about humans before, and only knew about some relationships between matter and people on this world, this Earth. In terms of living things on Earth, I knew that I could see humans and animals; everyone has different forms, but the spirit contained within them is actually no different. I had thought about this before, but it did not resonate much in my heart, or make me think more about it.

I spent my whole life working on the research of particles, which is what everyone knows. Among the many theories I proposed, one of them was to explain this world, exploring the way particles interact in a very basic way. The interaction between each particle results in the formation of different material phenomena.

For example: an apple, what kind of particles are interacting to form it? A big tree, what kind of relationship between particles is used to form it? These phenomena sound very interesting, and I put a lot of effort into them. But in the final analysis, the apple we know is still an apple, and the big tree is still a big tree; it is still this entity seen by the physical eyes. Under high technology, although one can see the appearance, direction, relationship, or movement of particles, that is all I saw with my physical eyes.

But all the changes within the spirit are not something I could know no matter how hard I tried. This is something that transcends the limited brain and human power of the human body, and it is impossible to calculate and see the true essence within it.

The phenomenon of spirit was once vague yet profound to me. The reason I thought the spirit was very vague was that my physical eyes could not see it, which made me unable to truly believe it for a long time. Don't say that the physical eyes cannot see it; in fact, my research on all particles and molecules was also something the physical eyes could not see, but under the programs and various theories that physics and mathematics could explain, I could still explore the truth within them. But this thing called spirit, to the person I once was, was truly too distant and too exaggerated. Although I could vaguely feel its existence, I could not touch it at all, and no theory could explain all these phenomena, so it could not resonate in my heart.

Now that I have come to the Western Land of Dharma Nature, because my eyes are opened and I can see various phenomena of the spiritual realm, I know that what humans know and can explore is truly too narrow. I am very grateful to have such a magnificent opportunity to be led by Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su to come to this Buddha-land. Although I have not yet reached a world of ultimate perfection in the Western Land of Dharma Nature, I am still worried that I might not be able to be reborn in the Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss because I am not diligent enough, as the Western Pure Land of Ultimate Bliss is the world where the spirit is most ultimately perfect.

But I am already considered a Westerner; I can learn from Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su every day, watching Practitioner Su conduct such large-scale Chao Du in the universe because of the help of Namo Amituofo. All these phenomena in my heart can be said to have made me bloom with joy!

It turns out that the not grow old, not get sick, and the spirit does not die mentioned in learning Buddhism—this spirit is actually so profound. Just now I said that I studied particles for a lifetime, yet I did not know the existence of the spirit. Of course, I must say that everything I once studied was really just very superficial. This is the distance between me and the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, and it is also the distance between the science of the world and the science mentioned in the true Buddha’s teachings.

Everything I wanted to understand before, everything I felt confused about, it turns out that someone in the human world had already verified this point. And in the vast Dharma Realm and universe that we humans cannot see, it can actually exert such great power. As an Earthling, I feel proud; as a Chinese person, I also feel very proud. Our Earth has finally seen this ray of hope! It can be said that for hundreds of billions of years—the age of the Earth is only a few billion years—there has finally appeared such a person who can truly reach such a height. I truly admire Practitioner Su from the bottom of my heart, and I am also very grateful to Practitioner Su for the hope he has brought to people all over the world.

Although I have some regrets that I was unable to explore the truth of all this while I possessed a human body, nor did I have the Buddhist affinity to encounter true Buddhist education, I am now very satisfied to have this opportunity to come to the Western Land of Dharma Nature. I can share these matters with everyone in the human world who knew me, allowing others the opportunity to encounter true Buddhist education. I want to tell everyone that I wish to let go of everything I, Yang Chen-ning, previously learned. Because after learning with Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su for over a month, I have come to realise that having nothing is far, far better than knowing everything! For those who have been wandering in the dust world for so long, this might be hard to imagine. But everything I say is the truth. Because the Practitioner Su I just mentioned can help all sentient beings, whether they have feelings or not. His Dharma Body can traverse all time and space without any obstruction. Such a great figure is a Buddha, a good disciple of Namo Amituofo, and an example that we should all learn from. If one were to explore the human Practitioner Su more deeply, one would find that everything he previously learned was not as profound or complex as we might imagine. It is precisely because his heart is so empty that he could reach such a height. Only now have I truly begun to reflect on everything I pursued in my life. In order to let the world see many truths, I walked a path that was completely contrary to the Dharma. Because I learned so much and absorbed so much, my mind was full of these things. For someone like me, it is very difficult to realise one's true nature and attain Buddhahood in one lifetime. This is because my mind was stuffed with various theories of the dust world, rather than the power and visible height brought about by the pure and good heart that Practitioner Su possesses. In the month I have spent learning with Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su, I have discovered too many things that I could not believe while I was alive, yet now I can see them very clearly. Among them is this principle of emptiness, which must also contain a very deep and sincere heart of compassion

Upon arriving at the Western Land of Dharma Nature, I finally learned the truth of life, and the space after death is truly something that makes one sigh with emotion. Of course, I am very grateful that at least I did not have to suffer retribution in hell. This beautiful Buddha-land of the Western Land of Dharma Nature has brought me so much that I had never imagined. I have deeply felt the compassion of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas; it turns out that this heart of compassion for all beings is the most important key to exploring the truth of the universe. Previously, I did not have such thoughts. Although everything I did was in the hope of leaving some gifts for future generations in the field of science—something worth continuing to explore—I still harboured a heart of chasing fame and fortune, and a selfish heart was also present within it. With such a character, it was impossible for me to reach the height of Practitioner Su, let alone manifest the abilities that Practitioner Su possesses; all of this was simply worlds apart. Therefore, now that I am in the Western Land of Dharma Nature, I carry a truly humble and modest heart, learning with an open mind, hoping to attain the skills of a Buddha. As for the skills of a Buddha, in my past, they were unfathomable, and I did not know where they came from or what they were used for. Now I know that there is such a path to save people, and such a skill to save the world, which can be explored and attained in a moment of no-mind. Regarding all this understanding of the spiritual realm, I now truly know that after a person reaches the height of Practitioner Su, they can help so many sentient beings. Yet, all the things I learned throughout my life were of no use after death, and in the end, I had to rely on the skills of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas to save me. I was saved by the Buddha; I now deeply know this, and I have also deeply experienced the heart of the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. Now that I am in the Western Land of Dharma Nature, I have participated in the Thrice Yearning Ceremonies at the Hsiang Kuang Pure Land Buddhist Centre in Australia time and time again. I also know that Practitioner Su can, based on his own power of mindfulness and wisdom, open up many spaces, breaking through layer after layer, and through Chao Du, lead many demon crowds and sentient beings into the Western Land of Dharma Nature. How exactly was this Buddha-land established? I have been struggling to explore this, because it is truly too miraculous for me. A Buddha-land so vast and immense, yet Practitioner Su could establish it with the help of Namo Amituofo. I used to rely on the scientific knowledge I had learned to explore how the space within it was formed and what material phenomena existed within it. This was from a scientific perspective. Now, I have abandoned my previous thinking, because all these thoughts and cognitions actually greatly hindered my own true self. I know that my true self still needs to be manifested, so I have tried my best to gradually empty and let go of everything I have learned. I know that the Buddhas and Bodhisattvas are able to establish the Western Land of Dharma Nature as a Buddha-land because it is a space formed by the power of mindfulness and wisdom after their vows, compassion, and meritorious power are complete. This is actually a natural phenomenon that does not require any external force to assist in its formation. The true self exists inherently; one can encompass all, and all can return to one. This is how a sincere heart can encompass everything. Because the concepts of material form and space were, in my previous learning and knowledge, thought to be supported by very complex theories. However, when I let go of all these inherent attachments and my insistence on academics, I discovered that many principles of the natural world can often be discerned and integrated into all things simply by having a pure and

I now know that this human body is not controlled by the self, but by countless sentient beings residing within it. That is why we cannot achieve the state of being free from aging, free from illness, and the spirit never dies; these phenomena of aging and illness are beyond human control and cannot be mastered by one's own will. When one grows old, when one falls ill, and when one must accept the manifestation of sentient beings that causes one to collapse and fall—all of this is predetermined, a result of one's own actions throughout many lives, and has nothing to do with others. Therefore, Practitioner Su often emphasises that the first step in learning Buddha’s teachings is to save oneself. Only by raising one's own vow and compassion can one save oneself and, in turn, save the immeasurable and boundless suffering sentient beings within one's body. Of course, if there is a hell within the body, is there also a Pure Land? The answer is yes, but this Pure Land is deeply hidden within everyone's true self and has not been truly developed. This is just like the Dharma Body of Namo Amituofo, which actually contains the entire Western Land of Ultimate Bliss. Entering the Western Land of Ultimate Bliss is, in fact, entering Namo Amituofo himself. Because long ago, Namo Amituofo reclaimed his own innate ability, and with the help of his teacher, Lokesvararaja Buddha, he established the Western Land of Ultimate Bliss through the achievement of his Forty-eight Great Vows. All of this is contained within the Buddha's body. This is a unity, not two, but one existence. Having said this, can everyone understand why Practitioner Su often emphasises that Buddha’s teachings are the highest science? It is actually that simple and clear. I only now realise that science does not require overly profound theories, deductions, or complex mathematical calculations. Those who truly grasp science can see through all these phenomena at a glance. Just as Namo Amituofo is clearly aware of everything experienced in the Alaya consciousness of every sentient being, yet the Buddha does not deliberately dwell on or point them out. Everything proceeds naturally. When he wishes to know, it encompasses all things; when he does not wish to know, it does not come to mind. Only when the Buddha wishes to save sentient beings does he recall all this, and only then does he use all that he knows to prescribe the right medicine for the problems faced by sentient beings, helping them walk out of their predicament. This is the compassion of all Buddhas and Bodhisattvas, which is naturally a spontaneous phenomenon. Now, it is crystal clear before my eyes, and my heart is much more at ease. After daily purification and a deeper understanding of the truth, I feel more grounded day by day, and more eager than ever to truly draw the circle in my heart. Having said so much about my understanding and insights in the Western Land of Dharma Nature, to be honest, the impact of all this on me is truly immense. I have been here all along, hoping that all the people I have known in the scientific field can also have the opportunity to understand all of this, just as I have. This is because the things people in the world believe in today are almost all based on science as a standard and foundation. Whether it is the booming development of technology or economic prosperity, people use scientific data as the driving force for progress. Because people do not believe in the Buddha, and do not believe that Buddha’s teachings are the truly ultimate and perfect science, they have such a strong sense of reliance, wanting to rely on everything explained in science as their life's anchor. But now that I have truly stepped forward to tell everyone all of this, it is because I hope that everyone can let go of their prejudices, and let go of their attachment and stubbornness regarding a certain field, or the belief that what they see is the only reality. If one can truly let go, what one will gain is an inexhaustible source of wisdom, energy, and power. To be honest, I have been telling myself that in the Western Land of Dharma Nature, I must let go of all curiosity about material phenomena in the world. But in fact, this is also happening naturally. Through daily immersion and seeing too much of the world-saving skills of Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su, I naturally believe that this is the original face of things, and that everything in nature is inherently like this. It is indeed so. What I see is a pure heart that, without any planning or arrangement, can carry out so many actions to save sentient beings. Look at everyone, after Practitioner Su, with a human body of flesh and blood like ours, realised his true nature and attained Buddhahood, he is able to use his spirit to travel freely between the ten directions and the Western Land of Ultimate Bliss, saving immeasurable and boundless sentient beings, and even manifesting countless manifestations. Such inconceivable skills and abilities are truly admirable. Such things are unique in the world, and no one has ever heard of them. But in the case of Practitioner Su, it happens so naturally. Every day, Practitioner Su's spirit shines and radiates in this vast universe, very dazzlingly, and with the help of the twelve Buddha-lights of Namo Amituofo, he is saving immeasurable and boundless sentient beings every second. This is the first time such a thing has been encountered on our Earth, so I also appeal to everyone to get to know the Hsiang Kuang Pure Land Buddhist Centre in Australia as early as possible, and to learn about the world-saving skills of Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su, so that your arrival in the human world will not have been in vain. Everything that people in the world pursue seems very real, but in fact, it passes by in a flash, leaving nothing behind; this is the truth. Every experience, every emotion, and every relationship is like this—illusory, not real. Why do people hold on so tightly to everything in this world and cannot let go? Just like me in the past, whether it was achievements in scientific research, experience, status, fame and fortune, or human emotions, I held on tightly and never thought of giving them up to gain a higher level of freedom. That is because I really did not understand, and everyone else really does not understand either. Before receiving Buddhist education, everyone can only believe in all the feelings of their own body, follow the arrangements and instructions of the body, and walk through every step of life. As I just said, our bodies are so complex; every emotion, every feeling of love and hate, makes us think that all of this is so real, but in fact, there are countless spiritual lives rolling within it. Their suffering makes us feel suffering, and their happiness makes us feel happiness. So, how can we drive this body to break through the heavy obstacles of this body and achieve spiritual elevation? This seems very complicated, but Buddhas and Bodhisattvas are so compassionate. Namo Amituofo teaches us to use this Buddha-name, "Namo Amituofo," to melt everything, and to use this compassionate heart to melt all afflictions. It turns out that all of this can be achieved. If Practitioner Su had not realised his true nature and attained Buddhahood in the human world, perhaps most people would not be able to believe that all this is possible. Because Practitioner Su also has a body and must overcome the obstacles of the body. It is just that because Practitioner Su came here by the power of his vows, he has already overcome various obstacles of the body time and time again throughout his many lives, so he can walk the path to Buddhahood more easily in this life. But this does not mean that we do not have such ability, because we have encountered the Buddha, and for every bit of effort we make, the Buddha will add a bit of blessing for us. Where can you find such a good thing? I think research in scientific laboratories is not like this; it is impossible for me to add a grain of rice and have an extra grain of rice appear, or to add a piece of bread and have an extra piece of bread appear. This is also impossible in terms of natural phenomena. However, the merits of Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su are so vast and boundless, and because they have saved so many sentient beings, they have accumulated these merits, which can be used as provisions for saving sentient beings. We can be beneficiaries, and we are very grateful in our hearts. I believe the fourfold assembly of the Hsiang Kuang Pure Land Buddhist Centre is the same. Purifying themselves in the Buddha-land every day, and receiving the purification and merits given by Namo Amituofo and Practitioner Su every day—what a tremendous blessing this is! As a centenarian who has lived for one hundred and three years, having experienced so many honours and possessing such a clever brain, I dare not say that my blessings are great. The people at the Hsiang Kuang Pure Land Buddhist Centre are the ones who are truly blessed. But whether they know how to cherish it, and whether they know how to make good use of all this to strive for saving sentient beings in the future, that depends on everyone's own

People of China, you do not know that the China of a few years ago is vastly different from the China of today! The differences everyone sees might only be superficial, such as economic development reaching new heights, various AI technologies being more advanced than before, or the further strengthening of national power, the rise of international status, and the subsequent increase in international influence.

Yet, all these changes that make people feel happy and celebratory are actually far less significant than the immense changes brought about by Practitioner Su's Chao Du in China. What the human eye cannot see, I, as a spirit, can now see clearly from the Western Land of Dharma Nature. On this land of China, everything good and bad experienced over thousands of years—whether war or peace—has had too many spirit realm beings present within it, including our ancestors who, after passing away, have been guarding this land or have been trapped in space without being able to leave.

Or there are many demon crowds from various realms present, layered upon the land, in high mountains, in lakes, and in the oceans; everywhere there are traces of spirit realm beings and demon crowds. What people cannot see is the influence these beings have on the Chinese people. Through Practitioner Su's extensive Chao Du of this divine land over these past few years, it has already improved so much, though there are still many beings and demon crowds remaining within it.

Practitioner Su not only helps these spiritual beings attain liberation but also helps us humans. Because in the environment where we live, if there is less interference from spirit realm beings and demon crowds, we can live more freely and securely on Earth. This is the result of the mutual influence between spiritual beings and the human world. When Practitioner Su performs Chao Du for these spiritual beings, he simultaneously helps us reduce the influence we receive; this is a matter that benefits both sides.

Therefore, I say do not believe everything you see with your physical eyes; you must believe in the Truth. The Truth is within the depths of your own self-nature, it is just that you are currently unable to realise it. I also ask everyone to believe everything I say now, because I have truly arrived in this Buddha-land and am telling you the facts of what I have seen and heard. I am speaking to you based on facts and everything I have seen with my own eyes; this is not my own personal thought or speculation.

Having been in this place for over a month, I have learned more than I did in over a hundred years in the human world. Such a good opportunity is truly rare and hard to encounter. The Hsiang Kuang Pure Land Buddhist Centre is truly established in the world, and with the immense help of the three Buddhas—Namo Amituofo, Teacher Practitioner Xia Lianju, and Practitioner Su—it can truly open the path of salvation for the people of the world. Please, everyone, you must believe; only by coming to understand together can you pave the way for your future life.

The most important thing is to stop reincarnating. The six realms of rebirth are truly painful; we have been drowning in them throughout our many lives. If we only believe in what we perceive, but cannot believe in the truth, what benefit will that bring? I have experienced this; although I did not go to hell and did not suffer any great pain, I still spent over a year suffering in space.

After coming to the Western Land of Dharma Nature, I have seen even more of the tragedies of the human world, because too many people who came to the Western Land of Dharma Nature with me were all led up from hell by Practitioner Su. I can deeply feel their suffering. Just like my junior fellow practitioner Li Zhengdao, he also suffered retribution in hell for two years before being led by Practitioner Su to the Western Land of Dharma Nature. I believe that having experienced those pains, he must understand it even more deeply than I do.

Finally, I sincerely wish for the people of China and the whole world to get to know the Hsiang Kuang Pure Land Buddhist Centre in Australia sooner, to be saved sooner, and to help their own karmic creditors sooner. This is the most urgent matter today.

Gratitude to the compassion of Namo Amituofo, gratitude to the compassion of Practitioner Su.

Namo Amituofo

Yang Zhenning